- 03-Nov-2025
- public international law
Narcotics offences, including drug trafficking, possession, and manufacture, are serious crimes that often have international dimensions. India’s extradition framework actively addresses such offences in cooperation with foreign countries and international organizations to combat drug trafficking and related crimes.
The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act) criminalizes drug trafficking, production, and possession in India and underpins extradition requests related to narcotics offences.
India’s extradition treaties generally include narcotics offences as extraditable crimes, consistent with the principle of dual criminality.
Most bilateral extradition treaties and multilateral conventions to which India is a party explicitly list narcotics trafficking as an extraditable offence.
India is party to international conventions such as the 1988 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, which promotes extradition cooperation.
India collaborates through Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATs) and other international frameworks to share evidence and facilitate prosecution of narcotics crimes.
Agencies like the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) work closely with the Ministry of Home Affairs and Central Government to coordinate extradition requests.
Extradition requests related to narcotics offences undergo careful scrutiny to ensure evidence sufficiency and compliance with treaty requirements.
The Indian judiciary assesses if the offence is covered under treaty provisions and whether the offence meets dual criminality standards.
Human rights considerations, such as potential for torture or unfair trial, are also examined.
Complexities may arise if the narcotics offence is punishable with capital punishment in the requesting country, as India does not extradite persons facing death penalty unless assurances are given.
Political offenses and purely fiscal offences are typically excluded.
India actively participates in international narcotics control efforts through organizations like the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) and regional forums.
Extradition is a key tool in disrupting drug trafficking networks by facilitating prosecution of offenders beyond national borders.
If India receives an extradition request from another country for a suspect involved in large-scale heroin trafficking, Indian authorities will verify if the offence is extraditable under the treaty, ensure that evidence is adequate, and confirm protections for the accused. The Narcotics Control Bureau may assist in investigation and coordination before the Ministry of Home Affairs proceeds with extradition.
India treats extradition requests related to narcotics offences with high priority, relying on domestic drug laws, international treaties, and cooperative frameworks. Procedural rigor and human rights safeguards ensure extradition is conducted fairly while supporting global efforts against drug trafficking.
Answer By Law4u Team
Discover clear and detailed answers to common questions about public international law. Learn about procedures and more in straightforward language.
