Which Was The First Country India Signed An Extradition Treaty With?

India’s first extradition treaty was signed during the British colonial era with the United Kingdom, the colonial power governing India at that time. This treaty formalized cooperation between British India and the UK in surrendering fugitives accused or convicted of crimes. The agreement was significant in laying the foundation for India’s later independent extradition laws and international criminal justice collaborations.

Historical Context and Background

During the colonial period, India was governed by British laws, and international treaties often involved the United Kingdom on behalf of British India.

The first extradition treaty signed by India was effectively between British India and the United Kingdom in 1931.

This treaty aimed to facilitate the transfer of fugitives across borders within the British Empire, improving law enforcement cooperation.

Key Features of the First Extradition Treaty Partner (United Kingdom)

Treaty Parties

British India and the United Kingdom. The treaty was signed on behalf of British India, which did not exercise full sovereign powers then.

Purpose

To establish a formal process for requesting and executing extradition of individuals charged or convicted of crimes.

Offenses Covered

Serious criminal offenses such as theft, murder, forgery, fraud, and other extraditable crimes as agreed upon.

Legal and Procedural Framework

The treaty outlined the diplomatic and judicial steps necessary for extradition requests, including protections against political offenses.

Significance of the Treaty

Marked the first formal legal cooperation between India and another country in criminal justice matters.

Provided a legal framework that influenced India’s post-independence extradition laws, especially the Extradition Act, 1962.

Facilitated international cooperation against fugitives during a period of increasing cross-border crime.

Evolution Post-Independence

After 1947, India inherited and renegotiated many treaties with sovereign authority.

India expanded its extradition partnerships globally, signing treaties with multiple countries.

India enacted the Extradition Act, 1962, to regulate extradition processes domestically.

Example

Consider a scenario where a person accused of embezzlement in India fled to the UK in the 1930s. Under the 1931 treaty, India could formally request extradition through British diplomatic channels. The UK would verify the charges and the treaty’s terms before surrendering the accused to Indian authorities for prosecution, demonstrating early India-UK legal cooperation.