In India, not every invention or idea is eligible for a patent. Under the Patents Act, 1970, certain types of inventions are specifically excluded from being patented. Here's a list of things that cannot be patented in India: 1. Frivolous or Obvious Inventions Any invention that is frivolous or obviously not innovative and lacks an inventive step cannot be patented. It includes ideas that do not add any new or inventive technical aspect to existing knowledge. 2. Discoveries, Scientific Theories, or Mathematical Methods Scientific discoveries or natural phenomena (e.g., the law of gravity) are not patentable. Mathematical methods and algorithms cannot be patented, though a specific application of the algorithm might be if it meets the requirements. 3. Aesthetic Creations (Artistic Works) Literary, musical, or artistic works are not patentable as they fall under copyright laws. This includes paintings, sculptures, novels, and other artistic or creative works. 4. Schemes, Rules, or Methods of Doing Business Business methods, mathematical models, or methods of doing business (e.g., a new way to calculate profit) are not patentable. 5. Computer Programs per se Computer programs alone (software) are not patentable unless it is associated with a technical solution or a hardware-based invention. A software that causes a computer to perform a specific technical task might be patentable, but the software by itself is not. 6. Presentation of Information Mere presentation of information, such as formatting or arranging data (without a novel technical solution) is not patentable. Example: A new way of displaying data on a screen without any technical innovation. 7. Inventions Contrary to Public Order or Morality Any invention that is immoral or contrary to public order or health cannot be patented. For example, inventions related to illegal activities, or any creation that harms public health, fall under this exclusion. 8. Inventions Relating to Methods of Agriculture or Horticulture Methods of farming, growing plants, or animal husbandry (except for new and distinct microbiological processes) are not patentable. For instance, a new method of sowing seeds or growing a particular crop cannot be patented. 9. Medical Treatments (Methods of Surgery or Diagnosis) Methods of medical treatment, surgery, and diagnosis on humans or animals cannot be patented. However, pharmaceutical products (like new drugs or medical devices) can be patented, provided they meet other patent criteria. 10. Plants and Animals (Other than Microbiological Inventions) Plants and animals (or processes for their production) are not patentable unless the process involves microbiological inventions. Genetic material, including genes, can be patented if it involves novel methods of manipulation, but naturally occurring plants or animals cannot be patented. 11. Traditional Knowledge and Practices Traditional knowledge (such as medicinal plants, natural remedies, or folklore) cannot be patented unless it is proven to be new and innovative. If such traditional knowledge has been in the public domain for a long time, it is not eligible for a patent. 12. Inventions Related to Nuclear Material or Biotechnology (Restricted) Inventions that involve nuclear materials, and certain biotechnological inventions related to human cloning or genetic engineering might be restricted or require specific regulatory approval. Summary of Non-Patentable Items in India: Scientific discoveries, laws of nature, and abstract ideas. Aesthetic or artistic creations (copyrighted works). Business methods, algorithms, and mere methods of organizing information. Medical treatment methods, and traditional knowledge. Certain agricultural methods, and living organisms (except specific genetically modified ones). Conclusion: If you're thinking of patenting something in India, it must be novel, useful, involve an inventive step, and be applicable in industry. Anything that falls within the exclusions mentioned above will not be granted patent protection.

Dear Client, In India what we have is a patent, which is a legal right for a new and useful invention. But what the 1970 Indian Patents Act does is to put forth a list of what does not fall within the patentable domain mainly to protect public health and welfare, encourage research, and stop large-scale monopoly over basic principles. Here is what we have for the key areas of invention which do not patent in India: Frivolous Inventions: An invention that is obvious, or which goes against a well established natural law (e.g. a perpetual motion machine). This includes in which the commercial use is against public morality or which may cause serious injury to human, animal, or plant health, or the environment (e.g. atomic bomb). Scientific Discoveries or Abstract Theories: The fact that we find out a scientific principle or put forth an abstract theory does not in itself make for a patentable invention. For example we may have discovered a new planet or a property of a present material which still is not patentable. New Forms of Known Substances: The patenting of a new form of a known substance that does not see a great improvement in its known use is not patentable. This is to avoid “evergreening” of patents. Medical and Surgical Methods: Any which does patent for the medicinal, surgical, curative, prophylactic, diagnostic, or therapeutic treatment of human or animal health issues is not patentable. Plants and Animals: Plant and animal matter in any form, including seeds, varieties, and species, and basically biological processes for production and propagation are not patentable. Methods of Agriculture or Horticulture: In agriculture and horticulture, patents are not granted. Business Methods, Computer Programs, and Algorithms: A mathematical method or a business process is not patentable. But a computer program when used with hardware that produces a new technical result may be patentable. Literary, Dramatic, Musical, or Artistic Works: These are issues of copyright and not patent. Traditional Knowledge: An invention which is basically traditional knowledge or a combination of known properties of traditional components cannot be patented. Atomic Energy Inventions: Atomic power related inventions are not patentable. This which is put together mainly from Section 3 of the Indian Patents Act is to protect inventors’ rights at the same time as that of the general public. I hope this answer helps to resolve your queries. Don’t hesitate to reach out with any further questions. Thank you!